Cylinder structure and method of producing the same



Sept. 15, 1936. F, E, LNAS- ET AL 2,054,773

CYLINDER STRUCTURE AND METHOD PRODUCING THE SAME f original Filed May 4,1934 A 4 sheets-sheet 1 ATTORN Y Sept. 15, 1936. F` E, ONAS ET AL2,054,773

CYLINDER STRUCTUR AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE `SAME Original Filed May4, 19.34 4 Sheet'S-Sheet 2 I ,Fi

BY M l ATTORNE SepLJIS, 1936. i F, E LONAS ET AL 2,054,773

CYLINDER STRUCTURE AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME Original Filed May4, 1954 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 ATTORNEY 2 Septt 15, 1936. F. E. LoNAs ET AL2,054,773

CYLINDER 4sTRUCTUBE AND MTHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME I Original Filed May4, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 x IS'Q' 29 ATTORN E Patented Sept. 15, 1936UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CYLINDER STRUCTURE AND METHOD F PRODUCINGTHE SAME Application May 4, 1934, Serial No. 723,906 Renewed August 8,1936 Claims. (Cl. 1213-75) This invention relates to cylinders ofinternal combustion. engines, and particularly to what are known assleeve valve engines; and the object of the invention is to provide acylinder 5 which is constructed from a plurality of independently formedpartsv whereby the separate parts which are composed mainly of tubings,stampings, forgings or the like may be produced at a low manufacturingcost, and which when assembled to form the cylinder structure willproduce a light, well-balanced as well as strong and durable structure,and further, whereby the formation of. the combustion chamber, intakeand exhaust ports as well as circulating chamber is materially simplied;a further object being to provide a cylinder structure of the classdescribed consisting of a main cylinder tube around the head end ofwhich is arranged a supplemental tube between which and the lirst namedtube is formed the. water circulating passage or manifold for thecylinder, and wherein a cylinder head structure composed ofindependently formed parts is arranged and secured within and to. bothof said tubes, with. means in said head structure for forming spark plugreceiving chambers; a further object being to provide elongated, flataswell as arc-shapedV tubes disposed within and secured to the wallstructures of the cylinder tubes for forming intake and exhaust passagesthrough both ofv said tubes; a further object being to provide means atthe lower end of the cylinder structure and the adjacent part of thecylinder housing or casing in which the cylinder structure is mountedfor detachably securing said cylinder structure therein; a still furtherobject being to provide an improved method. of constructing thecylinders of engines of a plurality of parts as described, and joiningsaid parts to.- gether by copper brazing in a hydrogen. electric furnaceor in a hydrogen or similar atmosphere to rmlyl and securely unite theparts at; the surface contact areas thereof by copper' brazed joints inaccordance with the known copper brazing process to produce in theresulting cylinder structure light, balanced, as well as strong anddurable wall structure.. One such. method is described in the patent toGillette, No. 1,550,157, Aug. 1S, 1925. With these and' other objects inview, the invention consists in a cylinder structure and method ofproducing the same which is more fully hereinafter described andclaimed.

The invention is fully disclosed in the following speci'cation, of whichthe accompanying drawings form a part, in which the separatevv parts ofthe. improvement are designated by. suitable reference characters ineach of the views, and in which:

Fig. 1- isa sectionalview through a part of the cylinder structureandhousing of an engine made according to our invention.

Fig. 2 is a partial section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a partial section on the line 3 3- of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a bottom plan view of acoupling ring employed for securing thecylinder in place.

Fig. 5 is an expanded or exploded view of the several parts oiV thecylinder structure made according to our invention, shown partially insection and in broken sectional lines in a continuous view extendingfrom the left of the sheet containing Fig. 5Y to the right side of saidsheet.

Fi'g. 6'` is a plan View of one of a number of port lining rings ortubes which are employed.

Fig. 7 shows-sectional views of two-*of the tubes shown in Fig. 6v intheir relative position to the two receiving recesses of a part of thecylinder shown to the left of said rings on theA drawings.

Fig. 8 is a side and sectional view of the cylin.- der parts shown in`Figs. 5. to 7 inclusive in an assembled. relationship prior to thecopper brazing operation; and,

Fig. 9v isa view similar to Fig. 8 taken atv right angles. to thershowing inv Fig. 8.

For the purpose of illustrating one method of carrying our.inventioninto effect, we have illustrated in. the drawings, theconstruction of a cylinder for what. are known as sleeve valveI internalcombustion engines. In Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive, the cylinder structure isshown partially in an engine assemblage.. In said gures, I.I representsvthe cylinder casing, housing and manifold. of oneA of the cylinders. ofthe engine. At I2', IZa, we have shown the intake ports on o-pposedsides of the casing and at I3, I3a correspending exhaust ports: arrangedabove said. intake ports. Arranged in the bore I4 of the; casing is aliner sleeve I5 having ports therein registering with the ports I2, I2a,I3, I 3a; Slidably mounted within the liner I5 is a sleeve valve I6having ports' ISa, Ila adapted to register: on reciprocatio-n by` meansnot shown. with the ports I2a, l3nt to open and close the' intake andex.- haust in thev operation of engines ofv this type, such for example,as disclosed in United States patentsto Lonas No. 1,763,664, June 17,1930, and Lonas, No. 1,686,824, Oct. 8, 1928..

At the lower' end of the casing II is a reduced bore; I8 terminating ina beveled surface I8a in connection. with. which. a cylinder retaining.ring Vao |9 seats to support our improved cylinder structure within thecylinder casing. The lower part Ila of the casing has atcircumferentially spaced intervals, lugs Hb, in which are supportedcircumferentially spaced studs ||c, which pass through circumferentiallyspaced .apertured lugs or ears |9a on the coupling ring |9 as seen inFigs. land 4 of the drawings. The ring I9 has an inner corrugatedsurface |919 and an inwardly projecting key pin |9c for keying thecylinder structure 29 against movement with respect to said ring as wellas the cylinder casing.

The cylinder structure 29 is composed of a main tubular cylinder 2|, atthe upper end of Y which is a supplemental enlarged cylinder tube 22having a supplemental head 23. The supplemental tube 22 is centered andspaced from the cylinder 2| by outwardly extending flanges 2| on thecylinder 2| which define the periphery of ports formed in the cylinder2| as later described. Rings 25 and 24a are also employed to space andreinforce the parts 2| and 22. Within the upper end of the tube 2| is amain head part 25 of cup shape -including a bracing or reinforcing w-ebplate 2B and spark plug housings consisting of tubular parts 21 and 28.The supplemental head 23 includes a projecting tubular extension 29forming part of the water manifold of the cylinder.

The lower part of the cylinder structure has a sealing ring and acorrugated sleeve 3|, the latter being spun around the outwardly7 flaredlower end 2| a of the tube 2| as indicated at 3|a.

In this connection, it will be apparent that the corrugations 3|b of thesleeve 3| conform with the corrugated surface |912 of the ring I9 toform a locking or keying engagement of the cylinder structure with saidring, the sleeve 3| being apertured as indicated at 3|c to receive th-ekey pin |9c. The upper end of the sleeve 3| seats in a groove 39a formedin the ring 39, said ring having a largegroove 30h in the outer surfacethereof in which a suitable packing may be disposed.

The cylinder proper or tube 2| is cut out at its upper end as indicatedat 2 lb to receive the spark plug housing part 21, and opposed sidewalls are cut out as seenat 2|c and 2|d to form intake and exhaustpassages in said part, the tubular part 22 having similar openings 22aand 221).

In these openings are disposed liner rings 32,

one of which is shown in Fig. 6 of the drawings in plan, and two ofwhich are shown in section in Fig. 7 of the drawings, the latter showingbeing disposed adjacent the openings 2|c, 2|d. The tubular liners 32have curved or arc-shaped outer surfaces 32a conforming to the contourof the cylinder part 22 and curved inner surfaces 32D conforming to thecontour of the wall of the cylinder part 2|.

In mounting these tubes in connection with the parts 2|, 22 in formingthe cylinder assemblage, the inner curved edges 32D are flared onto thewalls of the apertures or openings 2|c, 2|d, in the manner indicated at32C in Fig. 9 of the drawings. Intermediate and above and below theapertures 22a, 221), the part 22 has ring grooves 22e for receivingsealing rings or the like 33 as indicated in Fig. l of the drawings, itbeing noted in this connection that the outer curved edges 32a of theport liner tubes 32 project beyond the surfaces of thel part 22 to formsupporting walls for the rings 33 at the port openings.

The part 22 forms in conjunction with the part 2| a water circulatingchamber 34 which communicates with the water jacket 35 of the cylindercasing at the lower end of the part 22, the water circulating throughapertures 24h formed in the rings 24, 24a and upwardly between the parts2|, 22 and around the head 25 as well as the spark plugV housingsconsisting of the parts 21 and 28 upwardly through the supplemental head23 and the pipe or manifold 29. The head 25 is in the form of acup-shaped body, the lower end of which has oppcsitely arrangedapertures 25a in which the parts 28 are secured, and opposed walls haveU-shaped recesses or apertures 25b which are arranged in alinement withthe apertures 2lb, the latter forming passages permitting the coolingwater to circulate into the head 25.

The reinforcing and bracing web 26 consists of a plate transversing thecylinder head 25 intermediate the spark plug housings, the centralportion 26a of said partition plate being reduced and the side portionsapertured as seen at 2Gb. The ends of said plate have curved edges 26ewhich seat in and conform with the contour of the side wall of the head25, the lower end of the plate having foot pieces 26d seating on thedomed bottom wall of the head and the lower corners being recessed asseen at 26e to provide circulating passages at the bottom of the headstructure.

The supplemental head 23 has downwardly flanged apertures 23a in whichthe upper end of the tubular parts 21 are secured, the peripheral sidewalls or flanges 23h of said parts being secured to the inner surface orbore of the part 22 at the top thereof. It will also appear that theupper en-d of the part 28 is grooved as seen at 28a to receive the lowerend of the part 21, whereas the tubular extension of the part 28 isinternally threaded as indicated at 28h to receive a spark plug orignition device 36 such as indicated at the left of Fig. 3 of thedrawings. The exploded or extended View of the several parts of thecylinder structure as seen in Fig. 5 including the liner rings seen inFigs. 6 and 7 of the drawings when formed are firmly pressed together toprovide the assemblage indicated in Figs. 8 and 9 of the drawings.

It is understood that said parts in somev instances will be pressedtogether under pressure to insure positive frictional engagement betweenthe adjacent abutting walls of the separate parts, and when soassembled, rings, ribbons, strips or pieces of copper or copper alloysindicated at 31 suitable for producing copper brazing are disposed inthe corners or crevices or between adjacent surfaces of all of the partsas is indicated by the small circles and ribbon-like deposits on Figs. 8and 9 of the drawings. These deposits will provide a flow or capillarytransmission of the brazing material employed into and between theadjacent or abutting surfaces of the separate parts to copper braze saidsurfaces by placing thecomplete assemblage with the copper elementsthereon in a hydrogen electric furnace heated to a suitable temperatureto produce the said brazed joint between the respective parts, thetemperature being at approximately 2100 Fahrenheit, but may be varied indealing with metals or metal alloys of different kinds in theconstruction of the complete cylinder structure. In Fig. 1 of the draw'-ings, I have indicated at 38 by double section lines the copper brazedjoints between the parts.

By constructing the cylinder of an engine in accordancewith the methoddescribed, each part of the cylinder structure may be composed of tubingor sheet material forged or die formed into g5 the required anddesignated; shape, thus material- 15g reducing the manufacturing cost ofthe cornplete cylinder assemblage andrat the same time ,provid-ingnished surfaces, upon which the piston of the cylinder operates as wellas the sleeve valve it4 being understood that such nished surfaces willbe trued up. or ground after the parts have beenassembled in order toprovide the desired fits and the properalinement of the surfaces as willbe apparent. v

It willalso,- appear that an engine structure of the class described byvirtue of the design thereof andrnethod of constructing theA same, willproduce a greater degree of thermo-symmetry by virtue of the structureand arrangement of the exhaust ports upon the cylinder from thestandpoint of the circumferential area of such ports, as, well' as'thenarrowness of' the portsv providing a. greater exposurer of the Wallsthereof to the cooling Water, of the engine, producing atemperatureuniformity throughout the cylinder struc- In sleevevalveengines, the arrangment of cooling manifold chambers with respect to thevalve; or that part of the cylinder in connection with.` whichthe valveoperates also produces less distortion of the parts and eliminatesleakage betweenv the cylinder structure and sleeve valve.

By virtue of, the arrangement of the head 25 with respect to the intakeand exhaust ports, relativelyA smooth wall; lines of the combustionchamber-or head end of the cylinder are formed which insure morecomplete and thorough exhaust of the burnt gases,` and eliminate to alarge degree the pocketingofspent gases within said chamber. At., thesame time, the intake port arrangement with. respect to the head insuresthe most effective introduction of the combustible mixture wdthout;excessive dilution withl spent gases as would` otherwise be the case.The effect of this arrangement will produce by virtue of the higher combustibility of the. incoming charge a greater volumetric; eiciency andgreater power. l

The ent-ire cylinder structure may be quickly attached anddetached withrespect tothe cylinder.` casing byy simply removing` the ring IS,dropping-5 theA same and. saidz cylinder structure a slight degree todisplace the ring from the cylinder structure, and then4 pulling theentire cylinder structure-upwardhz through the head end thereof, itbeing: understood that the sleeve valve and other mechanisms have beenremoved for this purpose.. In this. way; the various parts of thecylinder structurel may. be cleanedl or repaired as well as the linerl5. By virtue of the low production` cost of, the cylinder; structure, anew unit mayflzxe,substitutedV for a worn one at a cost which would bepossibly cheaper than the repairing of a vvornunit.`

It will be, understood that while we have shown our inventiona-s appliedtothe cylinder of an engineo a; particularl type or class, the`invention is1not. necessarily limited, in this respect, nor are Weynecessarily limited to the specific structure of the cylinder oi-v asleeve valve engine suchY as herein.; shown and described, and variouschanges therein and, modifications thereof may be made within the, scopeof the appended claims without departingfrom` the spirit of ourinvention or sacricing its4 advantages..

Having fullydescribed our invention, what we claimas4 newv and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is:

1'. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinderA casing, a cylinderunit detachable with 'respect: to: saidv casing including a. longcylinder tube, means at the lower end of said tube and on the wall ofthe cylinder casing for detachably securing the cylinder unit within andto said casing, said last named means comprising a ring seating in thecylinder casing and means thereon and on the cylinder tube for keyingsaid tub-e against longitudinal and circumferential movement.

2..A cylinder unit for engines comprisingv a plurality of independentlyformed cylinder parts including a cylinder proper and a head, said headbeing cup-shaped in form and extending, into and transversing the upperend portion'of the cylinder to form combustion spaces between oppositesides thereof and the Walls of the cylinder, means for securing saidparts together, said unit including an annular sleeve encircling thehead end of the cylinder and in spaced relation thereto, opposed wallsof the cylinder and sleeve having one intake port and one exhaust portat each side thereof opening into said combustion spaces of thecylinder, and tubular liners secured to and extending between thecylinder and sleeve for completing the ports therebetween.

3. A cylinder structure for internal combustion engines comprising acylinder proper and a head, the head being cup-shaped in form andextending into and transversing the upper end portion of the cylinder toform combustion spaces between the` walls of the inwardly extending headand the cylinder wall, said combustion spaces comprising the majorportion of the clearance volume and being disposed above the lower innerextending end of said head, and the minor portion of the clearancevolume` joining said combustion spaces across the inner end of the head.

4. A cylinder structure for internal combustion engines comprising acylinder proper and a head, the head being cup-shaped in form andextending into and transversing the upper end portion of the cylinder toform combustion spaces between the walls of the inwardly extending headand the cylinder wall, said combustion spaces comprising the majorportion of the clearance volume and being disposed above the lower innerextending end of said head, the minor portion of the clearance volumejoining said combustion spaces across the inner end of the head, thecylinder being provided with a water circulatng passage formedtherearound, and means for placing the lower portion of the head incornmunication with the water circulating passage of said cylinder toprovide an upward circulation of water through said head.

5. A cylinder structure for engines comprising` independently formedtubular cylinder parts arranged one Within the other and spaced apart,annular members disposed between adjacent surfaces of said parts atlongitudinally spaced intervals, said members serving to couple andreinforce the cylinder parts, said cylinder parts being coupled togetherand united to said members by copper brazed joints formed as described,and the alloy of copper forming the joints being arrange between andextending into the material of said parts and members at the abuttingsurfaces thereof to securely unite the same together.

6. A cylinder structure for engines comprising independently formedtubular cylinder parts arranged one within the other and spaced apart,annular members disposed between adjacent surfaces of said parts atlongitudinally spaced intervals, said members serving to couple andreinforce the spaced cylinder parts, a' cup-shaped head extending intothe inner cylinder parts, both cylinder parts having radiallyregistering intake and exhaust ports, tubular liners mounted in bothcylinder parts to complete the ports through the spaced walls of saidcylinder parts, said cylinder parts, members head and liners beingunited by copper brazed joints formed as described to form a unit of allof said Parts, an outer cylinder casing, and said .unit being attachableand detachable with respect to said casmg.

'7. A cylinder structure for engines, comprising an elongated cylinderpart, an independent head fittingl within and snugly engaging a portionof the inner surface of the wall of the cylinder part at one end thereofto provide engaging surfaces, and the engaging surfaces of the head andcylinder being united by a copper brazed joint formed as described.

8. A cylinder structure for engines, comprising an elongated cylinderpart, an independent head snugly engaging the Wall of the cylinder partat one end thereof to provide engaging surfaces, an annular sleeveencircling the head end portion of the cylinder, annular spacing membersdisposed between the sleeve and cylinder and having sur-- faces firmlyengaging said sleeve and cylinder, and all of said engaging surfacesbeing united by copper brazed joints formed as described.

9. A cylinder structure for engines, comprising an elongated cylinderpart, an independent head snugly engaging the wall of the cylinder partat one end thereof to provide engaging surfaces, an annular sleeveencircling the head end portion of the cylinder, annular spacing membersdisposed between the sleeve and cylinder and having surfaces firmlyengaging said sleeve and cylinder, said cylinder and sleeve havingcircumferentially extending intake and exhaust ports arranged in commonalinement, tubular liners snugly fitting in said ports and extendingbetween the cylinder and sleeve for completing the ports therebetween,and the abutting or engaging surfaces of all of said parts beingsecurely coupled together by copper brazed joints formed as described.

10. A cylinder structure for engines, comprising an elongated cylinderpart, an independent head snugly engaging the wall of the cylinder partat one end thereof to provide engaging surfaces, an annular sleeveencircling the head end portion of the cylinder, annular spacing membersdisposed between the sleeve and cylinder and having surfaces firmlyengaging said sleeve` and cylinder, said cylinder and sleeve havingcircumferentially extending intake and exhaust ports arranged in commonalinement, the cylinder having outwardly extending flanges bordering theedges of said ports, tubular liners snugly fitting in said ports andextending between the cylinder and sleeve for completing the portstherebetween by a supplemental head disposed above the first named headand fitting snugly in said sleeve, and the abutting surfaces of all ofsaid parts being securely coupled together by copper brazed jointsformed as described.

ll. A cylinder structure for engines comprising an elongated cylinderpart, an independent head snugly engaging the wall of the cylinder partat one end thereof to provide engaging surfaces, an annular sleeveencircling the head end portion of the cylinder, annular spacing membersdisposed between the sleeve and cylinder and having surfaces firmlyengaging said sleeve and cylinder, said cylinder and sleeve havingYcircumferentially extending` intake and exhaust ports arranged in commonalinement, the cylinder having outwardly extending flanges bordering theedges of said ports, tubular liners snugly fitting in said ports andextending between the cylinder and sleeve for completing the portstherebetween by a supplemental head disposed above the first named headand fitting snugly in said sleeve, a tubular body mountedV in said firstnamed head and supplemental head and opening into said cylinder, saidbody forming 'a spark plug housing, and the abutting surfaces of all ofsaid parts being securely coupled tol gether by copper brazed jointsformed as described.

12. A cylinder structure for engines comprising an elongated cylinder, asleeve encircling said cylinder at one end portion thereof in spacedrelation thereto to form an annular passage between the cylinder andsleeve, said cylinder and sleeve having on opposed walls thereofregistering intake and exhaust ports disposed one above the other,tubular liners fitting snugly in the registering ports of the cylinderand sleeve and extending between the cylinder and sleeve to couple thecylinder and sleeve together andato complete the ports through theannular chamber formed between said cylinder andfsleeve, and saidtubular liners being secured to the cylinder and sleeve by copper brazedjoints formed as described.

13. A cylinder structure for engines comprising an elongated cylinder, asleeve encircling said cylinder at one end portion thereof in spacedrelation thereto to form an annular passage between the cylinder andsleeve, said cylinder and sleeve having on opposed walls thereofregistering intake and exhaust ports disposed one above the other,tubular liners fitting snugly in the registering ports of the cylinderand sleeve and extending between the cylinder and sleeve to couple thecylinder and sleeve together and to complete the ports through theannular chamber formed between said cylinder and sleeve, a cupshapedhead fitting snugly in the first named end portion of said cylinder andextending downwardly into and transversing the cylinder to formcombustion chambers within the cylinder at opposite sides of said headand with whichsaid intake and exhaust ports register, andl said tubularliners and said head being secured in position by copper brazed jointsformed as described.

14. A cylinder structure for engines compris- .f

ing an elongated cylinder, a sleeve encircling said cylinder at one endportion thereof in spaced relation thereto to form an annular passagebetween the cylinder and sleeve, said cylinder and sleeve having onopposed Walls thereof registering intake and exhaust ports disposed oneabove the other, tubular liners fitting snugly in the registering portsof the cylinder and sleeve and extending between the cylinder and sleeveto couple the cylinder and sleeve together and to complete the portsthrough the annular chamber formed between said cylinder and sleeve, acupshaped head fitting snugly in the first named end portion of saidcylinder and extending downwardlyinto and transversing the cylinder toform combustion chambers within the cylinder at opposite sides of saidhead and with which said intake and exhaust ports register,rsad tubularliners and said head being secured in position by copper brazed jointsformed as'describedfto '75 form a, cylinder unit of said parts, acylinder casing in connection'wth which said unit is detachably coupled,and means involving a split ring engaging the lower end portion of thecylinder and said cylinder casing for securing the cylinder unit withinsaid casing.

15. A cylinder unit comprising an elongated cylinder tube, a headpermanently xed to one end of said tube and including a. cup-shapedsheet metal body extending downwardly into the tube and spaced fromopposed walls of said tube to form independent circumferentiallyextending passages between said body and opposed walls 5 of the cylindertube.

FRANK E. LONAS. FREDERIC C. BOOTH.

